Boiler



2 Sheets-Sheet l B. J. MORRISON `BOILER Filed Jan. 25, 1928 April l, 1930.

April 1,1930. Bl J. MRRlsoN BOILER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 25, 1928 INVENTOR.

Patented Apr. 1, 1930 BARTHOLOMEW J. MORRISON, F BALTIMORE, MARYLAND BOILER Application filed yJ'anua1'y'23, 1928. Serial No. 248,748.

This invention relates to heating apparatus and more particularly to a boiler and heating means therefor having special utility in domestic heating installations.

One object of my invention is to provide a water tube boiler in whicha highly edicient heat transfer is obtained when the boiler is operating under any desired rate of evaporation.

A further object is to provide a boiler of thecharacter above described in which the products of combustion give up-substantially all their useful heat to the heating medium .circulating thru the boiler. V v

A further object is to eliminate in boilers utilizing a heat transfer coil, the formation of .cores7 in the products of .combustion passing between the coils and in the water streams circulating therethru, to thus insure highly 2o eiiicient operation and high rate of heating or evaporation, depending on whether the boiler is used with a hot water or steam installation.

Afurther object is to provide a boiler having a heating coil therein to which the water 25 is supplied in proportion to the load or output, thereby to insure close regulation and to eliminate danger of flooding the system, while at the Sametime l.doing away with separators, traps and the like in .connection with Vthe so boiler. Y

A further object is the `provision of a heating unit for the boiler to which theadmission of air and fuel is controlled in accordance with the temperature of the boiler. v

' A further object is the provision of a boiler in which a high velocity circulation is ob'- tained by reason .of the .thermo-siphonic ac'- -tion set up between Vthe yheating coil and other parts in the circulatory system.

A further object is 4the provision of :a heating unit for boiler .or the like in which the volume of air and fuel supplied to the burners is in correct proportion suitable for efficient combustion.

A further object is the provisionof a simple and compact device of the above described :character which is highly etcient in opera- .tion and relatively inexpensive in manufactureand installation. Y v l 'Other `.objects will 4be part obvious from the annexed drawing and in part indicated from the following analysis of the invention, in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings illustrating an embodiment of my idea. v

In these drawingsv Fig. 1 is a vertical elevation inV section thru the boiler and heating unit in y'accordance with my invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the boiler as shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section along lines 3--3 of'Fig. l; and f Fig. 4 is a sectional detail of thexbur'ner unit. Y

Y Referring to they drawings, the numeral y1() designates a vertically arranged cylindrical casing or shell of sheet metal or the like suitfrrca Cit ably supported asby legs 11 on a base or floor y Y 12. The upper portion ofthe casing converges to form a flue outlet 13 delivering tov a conventional stack (not shown). A refractory lining 14 is arranged on the interior of the shell 10 for protection thereof and for heat insulation purposes.

Centrally disposed within the shell lO/is a i water leg generally designated at A and comprisinga vertically arranged tubular portion 15 having a laterally odset portion 16 eX- tending tliroughvthe heating Zone, and passing eXteriorly of the shell and communicating with a feed drum hereinafter vreferred to. vThe portion 15 of the water legis flared outwardly to an increased diameter to form an inverted bell as indicated at 17, whichis of closed construction by reason of a cap or plate 18 fixed on the open end thereof. A coil 19 is welded or otherwise joined to the said bell as at Q0, and'comprises a vertically Varranged and elongated tube of iron, steel, or non-ferrous metal, wound helicallyabout the bell portion. At its outer end thecoil 19 is connected to an elongated ,header 21 having communication with an upper water drum 22 thru a communicating leg 23, such connection between the coil and drum having across sectional area not less than the cross .sectional area of the coil. The convolutions of vthe coil 19 as indicated in Fig.. 1 are preferone quarter of an inch to permit the products of combustion to pass therebetween.

The coil 19 is designed to give a highly efficient heat transfer by causing the products of combustion to divide into numerous thin films as they pass upwardly thru the gas spaces between the convolutions of the coil. The iiattened tube has vertical straight walls and in dimension has a ratio of height to Width of approximately forty-eight to one for most efficient operation, which proportion is of course subject to the usual latitudes permitted in actual practice, and the maximum height of the coil is approximately twelve inches with a maximum width of approximately one-quarter inch. The waterV space in the tube being ofthe same ratio, the preferred dimensions of the coil 19 giving the most efficient operation causes, a thin ribbon of water of about one-eighth of an inch in cross section more or less and about six inches in height, to be circulated thru the coil, and the hot'products of`combustion coming in direct contact with the heating surface of the tube impart a high degree of heat thereto.

The circulating drums comprise the upper water drum 22 above referred to which re ceives the heated water or steam circulating thru the coil 19 and the lower drum 25, the drums being arranged beyond the path of the products of combustion. Communication is established between the drums 22, 25 by downcomers 26 (see Fig. 2), which main tain the circulation of water when the radiator or storage tanks of the system are closed and return to the lower drumy 25 any water that may be carried over with the steam when the boiler is used as a steam generator or to maintain circulation when used as a hot water boiler. The upper portions of the downcomers extend substantially within the upper drum 22 to a point below the water line in the coil 18. The function of the extended downcomers is to cause any sediment or impurities Vcarried over by the circulation of the steam or water to settle at the bottom of the upper drum 22, the water vtherein being maintained Vin a relatively quiescent state and free of ebulation, as the said drum is disposed beyond the heating zone of the burners Vto be described. Vater, relatively free from impurities, is resultingly carried thru downcomers 26 to the water leg A and circulated thru the coil 19. Blow-off connections 27 are provided at the lower portions of drums 22, 25 whereby impurities in the form of sludge may be removed tov prevent scale formation in the drums or heating coil. A water supply pipe 28 is provided preferably in the lower drum 25, and feed water may be supplied thereto as the system requires. A steam or water take off 22a is provided on the drum 22, delivering steam or water to the system. The term drum as applied to theV lower drum 25 is to beinterpreted as any feed drum,

pipe or closed reservoir having a greater diameter than the odset lateral leg 15 of the bell A, to thereby maintain a static head of water at the fire Zone, resulting in the elimination of surging in the path of circulation.

The lower portion of the shell 10, forming the combustion chamber, has a heating unit arranged therein directlyv above which the coil 19 is mounted. rhe heating unit comprises a series of burners 30 which extend from a iixed plate 31 supported by brackets or lugs 32 projecting inwardly of the shell 10.y The plate may be provided with openings along the edges to permit disengagement from the brackets when it becomes necessary to replace the plate or repair other parts.

By reference to Fig. 1, the offset portion 16 of the water leg A enters the boiler above the plate 31, a slight clearance being permitted therebetween. The burners 30 are of cast iron and may be of any number suitable to the installation, altho four are shown in the particular embodiment of the present application. of lava which are so proportioned in height as to prevent back firing, the space between the uppermost portion ofthe tips and the plate 31 being lled with a heat resisting material, such as silocel or asbestos and indicated at 33. The plate 31 is provided directly beneath the burner tips with conical apertures 34, into which aperturesV extend tubular members35 extending from a hollow annular ring 36, forming the lower portion of the burner unit. The ring 36 is provided with arms 37 extending outside of the shell 10 and are connected with rods 38 mounted from brackets 40, the ring 36`thus being supported from the said rods. Turnbuckles 41 are preferably arranged intermediate the ends of rods 38, whereby their relative height may be adjusted. Gas or other fuel is admitted to the hollow annular ring 36 by means of a flexiblek gas line 42 provided with a valve 43 having a connection thru a link 44 with one of the rods 38y adjacent thereto.

The fluid fuel delivered to the hollow annular ring 36 passes into the tubular extensions 35 and is delivered to the burners 30 thru ports 46 formed in the upper conical faces 47 of said extensions. By reference to Fig. 4, there is provided between the conical faces 34 of the plate 31 and the conical faces 47 a space for the admission of air to support combustion at the burners, and thru which the fuel from ports 4G passes, both the fuel and air engaging the deflector 48 extending from the members 35 into the burner. This space is so designed that the flow and volume of vair and gas supplied to the burners is always in the exact proportion necessary for efficient firing andY irrespective of load conditions. Control of the supply of air and gas to the burners is effected by varying the distance between the conical faces 34 and 47,

The burner tips are preferablyV Cil u this being permitted'by the :mounting of ring 36 from rods 38 which Aare relatively unaffected by the heat conditions within the shell l0. Thus, when the boiler and heating unit are running cold, the shell 'l0 is more or less contracted and the sidev rods 38v have a relatively downward thrust which opens the space between the said conical faces to the maximum, permitting a full charge of air and gasto the burners in the exact proportion desired. lNhen maximum temperature has been reached causing the shell to expand, the side rods 38 have an upward pull on the ring 36 and retard admission, while maintaining at all degrees of progress of the lire regardless of load conditions, the exact ratio of air and fuel desired. Expansion of the shell under maximum temperature conditions further serves to close the fuel valve 43 thru the linlr connection la with the rod 38 (see Fig. l).

By reason of the arrangement and design of the coil 19, the .products of combustion from the burners 30 in passing between the convolutions of the coil induce a rapid transfer of heat .to the thinribbon of water circulating thru the coil. It is estimated that the spent gases leaving the coil 18 to the flue out-let B will have given up over ninety per cent of their useful heat to the water in the coil by reason of the thin films of the products of combustion acting thru the narrow elongated space between the coiled tube and will show in the flue gas aftemperature only a few degrees above that of the steam or water in the coil at any rate of operation.

By the arrangement above described, circulating cores in the gas and water streams are prevented. A high velocity of the steam and water thru the water leg A and coil is attained, and thermosiphonic action results, whereby water under pressure is supplied to the coil 19 in exact proportion toV the output desired and circulated at high velocity thruvdrums 22 and 25 by downcomers 26,' and thence returned to the coil thru water leg A. This feature insures close regulation of the temperatures obtained which is essential in heating apparatus for household or domestic purposes and eliminates'l'the danger of Hoodn ing the system, while atthe same time doing away with the necessity of using feed pumps, injectors, separators or traps in connection with the boiler.

It will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained. As many changes could be'made in carrying out the above invention, without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawing shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

I claim: l. ln a boiler, a water leg vertically disposed therein and having a connection at yone end with an exterior source of watersupply and having at its other end a portion of increased diameter and formed asa closed inverted bell, a heating coil comprising an longated tube having a connection with and helically disposed about saidinverted bell portion, a drum disposed beyond the'heating Zone of the boiler and receiving the heated fluid from said coil, and means to segregate the impurities from the fluid in the drum vincluding a connection between said drum and the water leg, the increased diameter vof the leg permitting and causing the {iu-id to expand therein, whereby a thermo-siphonic circulation is set up.

2. ln a boiler, a centrally disposedwater leg therein having a connection with a source of water supply, and a heating coil having a connection with and helically disposed about said water leg, said coil being formed of an elongated and relatively narrow tube, the inn ner dimensions of which have a ratio in height to width of approximately forty-eight to one and of which the maximum height is approximately twelve inches and the maximum width one-quarter inch, the convolutions of which are spaced a distance substantially twice the inner width ofv the tube from veach other, thereby causing and permitting the products of combustion to divide into thin lfilms in passing 'thru the coil, a drum disposed out of the path of the products of combustion, a. connection between the coil and drum having' a cross sectional area not less than the ycross sectional area of the coil, means to segregate the impurities from theheated fluid delivered to the drum, and' means to re-circulate the purified water in the drum thru the water leg and coil. i

ln a boiler, acentrally disposed water leg therein having a connection with a feed drum, a portion of the water leg being enlarged in 'diameter and formed as a closedinverted bell, and a heating coil 'having a `connection with and helically dis-posed about said bell portion,` said coil being formed of an relongated and relatively narrow tube, the inner dimensions of which have a `'rati-o in to divide into thin films in passing thru the l coil, a drum disposed out ofthe path of the products of combustion, a connection between the coil and the drum having a cross sectional area not less thanthe cross sectional area of the coil, and a connection between said drums extending into the last named drum to the water line of the boiler.

4. In a boiler, a centrally disposed water leg therein having a connection with a source of water supply, a portion of the water leg leight to one and of which the maximum height is approximately twelve inches and the maximum width approximately onequarter inch, the convolutions of which are spaced from each other a distance substantially twice the inner width of the tube, thereby causing and permitting the products of combustion to divide into thin films in passing thru the coil, and an outlet connection from the coil having a cross sectional area. not less than the cross sectional area of the coil.

5. In a boiler, a water leg comprising a laterally extending portion inthe combustion Zone having a connection with an exterior source of fluid supply, and a vertically extending portion having` its upper end of increased diameter and formed as a closed inverted bell, a heat-ing coil comprising an elongated tube having a connection with and helically disposed about said bell portion, a drum disposed beyond the path of the products of combustion and receiving the heated fluid from said coil, and a connection between said drum and said lateral portion of the water leg, the enlarged portion of the leg permitting and causing theuid to expand therein, whereby a thermo-siphonic circulation is set up thru the leg and coil. Y

6. In a boiler, a lower feed drum, an upper feed drum, a water leg having communication with the lower feed drum, said water leg having a portion of increased diameter formed as a closed inverted bell, a heating coil having a connection with and helically disposed about the enlarged portion of the water leg, said coil delivering to the upper drum, and a connection between said drums extending into said upper drum to substantially the water line of the boiler.

7. .In a boiler, a feed drum, a water leg havingy communication with the feed drum, a heating coil having a connection with and Vhelically disposed about the water leg, and

disposed at a higher level than the feed drum, said coil delivering to a drum disposed above the feed drum and out of the path of the products of combustion, whereby the water therein is maintained in a relatively quiescent state, and downcomers providing a connection between said drums, the upper4v ends of which extend into the upper drumto substantially the water line of the boiler, thereby to ydeliver to the lower drum water relativelyn free from impurities.

8. In a boiler, a feeddrum, a water leg having a lateral portion extending thru the combustion Zone and having communication with the feed drum, and a vertical portion, a heating coil having a connection with and helically disposed about the vertical port-ion and at a higher lever than the feed drum, said coil delivering to a drum disposed above the feed drum and out of the path of the products of combustion, whereby the water therein is maintained in a relatively quiescent state, and a connection between said drums, the upper end of which extends into the upper drum to substantially the level of the water line of the boiler, thereby to deliver to the lower drum and lateral leg water relativey free from impurities.

. 9. In a boiler, a feed drum, a heating coil having a connection with and disposed at a higher level than the feed drum, said coil delivering to a drum disposed above the feed drum and out of the path of the products of combustion, whereby the water therein is maintained in a relatively quiescent state, and downcomers connecting said drums, the upper ends of which extend into the upper drum to substantially the waterY line of the boiler, thereby to deliver to the lower drum water relatively free from impurities.

l0. In a boiler, means'to contain a fluid to be heated and through which the fluid is adapted to be circulated, a steam and waterk drum disposed out of the path of the productsV of combustion and receiving the heated fluid from the containing means at a point above the water line ofthe boiler, and at the approximate temperature of the fluid in said containing means, whereby the Huid in the drum is maintained in a substantially quiescent state, and means to segregate-the impurities from the heated fluid in the drumand to recirculate the purified fluid through said containing means including aconnection between said drum and the inlet side of said fluid containing means extending into said 1dripn to substantially the water line of the o1 er.

Signed at Baltimore, Maryland, this th 

